Programa de Gramática Taryn Johnson – SPA260 A, B y C

Semana 2

Chapter 6 Verb Usage

C. Compound tenses 191

Introduction 191
Perfect Tenses 192
- Present perfect indicative 192
- Future perfect 192
- Past perfect (pluperfect) indicative 192
- Conditional perfect 193
- Present perfect subjunctive 193
- Pluperfect subjunctive 193

Semana 3

Chapter 6 Verb Usage

C. Compound Tenses 191

Perfect Progressive Tenses 196
- Introduction 196
- Indicative present perfect progressive 196
- Indicative future perfect progressive 197
- Indicative pluperfect progressive 197
- Conditional perfect progressive 197
- Subjunctive present perfect progressive 197
- Subjunctive pluperfect progressive 198
- Other Changes 257
  - Connectives 257
  - This, that, and the other 257
  - Verbs of communication 257
  - A note about word order with indirect interrogatives 258

Semana 4

Chapter 3 Pronouns

A. Personal Pronouns

Grammatical Functions of Personal Pronouns 50
- Subject 50
- Direct object complement 50
- Indirect object complement with direct object 51
- Indirect object complement without direct object 51
- Transitivity 52
Subject Pronouns 53
- Subject pronoun usage 53
- Usage of usted, tú, vosotros, and vos 56
Direct Object Pronouns 57
- Formation and usage 57
- Stressed and unstressed object pronouns(direct or indirect object) 59
- lo: The neuter (invariable) pronoun 60
Indirect Object Pronouns 60
Required Repetitive Object Pronouns 62
- Direct object pronouns 62
- Indirect object pronouns 63
Order of Object Pronouns when Combined 63
Position of Object Pronouns 64
Prepositional Object Pronouns 66

Semana 5

Chapter 6 Verb Usage

H. infinitives and Present Participles 234

Infinitives 234
- Present infinitive 234
- Perfect infinitive 237
Present Participles 237

I. verbs like gustar 239

1 Formation 239
Word Order 240
Verbs Similar to gustar 241
Articles 243
Changes in Meaning 244

J. reflexive verbs 245

Semana 6

Chapter 3 Pronouns

B. Se

Reflexive Pronouns 69
Reflexives 69
Reciprocals 70
Se me Construction: Accidental se 71
Impersonal se 74
- Introduction 74
- The passive voice and the impersonal se 75
  - Agent present (subject of the action: stated) 75
  - No agent: not impersonal (subject of the action: absent but implied) 75
  - No agent: impersonal (subject of the action: absent and irrelevant) 75
- Impersonal se with inanimate objects 76
- Impersonal se with persons 76
- Impersonal se with both human and inanimate objects 77
- Impersonal reflexive construction—uno 78

Semana 7

Chapter 6 Verb Usage

D. Ways of expressing the Future

E Conditional 200

Introduction 200
Courtesy with Conditional of Modal Auxiliaries 200
Hypothetical Situations Implied or Stated 200
Future of the Past 201
Probability in the Past 201

F Probability 201

Semana 8

Chapter 6 Verb Usage

G. Subjunctive 203

Introduction 203
Nominal Clauses 203
- Definition and usage 203
- Subjunctive after expressions of emotion 205
- Subjunctive after expressions of volition and Influence 206
- Subjunctive after expressions of doubt and negation of reality 209
- Subjunctive after impersonal expressions with ser 211
Adjectival Clauses 213
- Definition 213
- Usage 213
Adverbial Clauses 215
Definition 215
- Usage 215
Sequence of Tenses 219
- Introduction 219
- Chronological relativity 219
- Aspect relativity 225
- Tense relativity from indicative to subjunctive 226
  - Main clause in the present set 226
  - Main clause in the past set 227
If (si) Clauses 228
- Sequence of tenses 228
- como si (As if) 230
ojalá 230 8
Expressions of Leave-Taking 231

Semana 9

Chapter 6 Verb Usage

G.. Indirect Discourse

Introduction 252
Verb-Tense Changes 253
No Verb-Tense Changes 254
Person Changes 255
Time Changes 255
Other Changes 257
- Connectives 257
- This, that, and the other 257
- Verbs of communication 257
- A note about word order with indirect interrogatives 258

Semana 10

Chapter 7 Ser, estar, haber, hacer, and tener 259

B. Ser vs. estar 262

With Equal Elements: ser 262
With Adjectives 262
- Predicate Adjectives 262
  - Aburrido (boring vs. bored) 264
  - Bueno (good vs. in good health, tasty) 264
  - Callado (quiet by nature vs. silent now)265
  - Ciego (blind vs. blinded figuratively or momentarily) 265
  - Cómodo (comfortable object vs. comfortable person) 265
  - Frío (cold as norm or not, used with objects) 265
  - Listo (clever [person or animal] vs. ready) 265
  - Maduro (mature vs. ripe) 266
  - Rico (wealthy vs. delicious) 266
  - Verde (green vs. unripe) 266
  - Vivo (smart, bright person vs. alive) 266
- Expressions with to be 266
- Impersonal expressions 268
With Prepositions and Adverbs 268
- De 268
- Time and place 269
With Past and Present Participles 270
- With present participles 270
- With past participles: Passive voice and resultant condition 270
  - Formation of the passive voice 270
  - A note about the passive voice 271

Semana 11

Chapter 7 Ser, estar, haber, hacer, and tener 259

C. estar vs. haber 273

D. expressions with estar and tener 274

Expressions with estar 274
Expressions with tener 274

E. time expressions 275

Introduction 275
- Counting forward 275
- Counting backward 275
Duration 276
- Counting back from the present 276
- Counting back from a moment in the past 277
Ago 278

Semana 12

Chapter 4 Prepositions,Adverbs,Conjunctions, and Transitions 99

A. Prepositions 100

Function of Prepositions 100
Verbs Used without Prepositions 102
Individual Prepositions 103
- A 103
  - Usage 103
  - Personal a 103
  - Expressions with a 104
  - Verbs with a 105
- Con 107
  - Usage 107
  - Expressions with con 107
  - Verbs with con 107
- de 108
  - Usage
  - Expressions with de
  - Expressions with de
- en
  - Usage 111
  - Expressions with en 112
  - Verbs with en 112
- e. Para 114
  - Usage 114
  - Expressions with para 114
- f. Por 115
  - Usage 115
  - Expressions with por 116
  - Verbs with por 117
List of Expressions with Prepositions (English–Spanish) 118
5 Review of Expressions with Prepositions

Semana 13

Chapter 4 Prepositions,Adverbs,Conjunctions, and Transitions 99

B. Adverbs

Definition 121
Adverbs Ending in -mente 121
Word Order 122
Multiple-Function Words 122
Adverbs of Time 124
Adverbs of Manner 126
Adverbs of Quantity 128
Adverbs of Confirmation, Doubt, or Negation 129
Adverbial Phrases 132
Adverbs of Place 133
Related Adverbs and Prepositions 136

C. Conjunctions 138

1 Usage 138
Conjunctions of Coordination 138
Conjunctions of Subordination 139

D. transitions 140

Semana 14

Chapter 5 Verbs: Formation 147

A. indicative Mood 148

Future 159
- Simple future 159
- Future perfect 160
Conditional Mood 160
- Present Conditional 160
- Conditional Perfect 161
subjunctive Mood 162
- Present Subjunctive 162
  - Regular verbs 162
  - Stem-changing verbs 162
  - Irregular verbs 163
- Imperfect Subjunctive 165
- Present Perfect Subjunctive 166
- Pluperfect Subjunctive 167
imperative Mood 167
- Direct Commands 167
  - tú 167
  - usted/ustedes 169
  - Vosotros 170
  - nosotros 171
- indirect Commands 17